{"id":27501,"date":"2022-06-15T18:25:50","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T16:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/?p=27501"},"modified":"2022-06-15T18:28:36","modified_gmt":"2022-06-15T16:28:36","slug":"sipri-global-nuclear-arsenals-are-expected-to-grow-as-states-continue-to-modernize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/?p=27501","title":{"rendered":"SIPRI: Global nuclear arsenals are expected to grow as states continue to modernize"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

DISARMAMENT & SECURITY .<\/p>\n

An article from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute<\/a><\/p>\n

13 June 2022. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) today launches the findings of\u00a0SIPRI Yearbook 2022, which assesses the current state of armaments, disarmament and international security. A key finding is that despite a marginal decrease in the number of nuclear warheads in 2021, nuclear arsenals are expected to grow over the coming decade.<\/p>\n

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Signs that post-cold war decline in nuclear arsenals is ending<\/strong><\/p>\n

The nine nuclear-armed states\u2014the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and the Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea (North Korea)\u2014continue to modernize their nuclear arsenals and although the total number of nuclear weapons declined slightly between January 2021 and January 2022 (see table below), the number will probably increase in the next decade.<\/p>\n

Of the total inventory of an estimated 12\u00a0705 warheads at the start of 2022, about 9440 were in military stockpiles for potential use. Of those, an estimated 3732 warheads were deployed with missiles and aircraft, and around 2000\u2014nearly all of which belonged to Russia or the USA\u2014were kept in a state of high operational alert.<\/p>\n

Although\u00a0Russian\u00a0and\u00a0US\u00a0total warhead inventories continued to decline in 2021, this was due to the dismantling of warheads that had been retired from military service several years ago. The number of warheads in the two countries\u2019 useable military stockpiles remained relatively stable in 2021. Both countries\u2019 deployed strategic nuclear forces were within the limits set by a bilateral nuclear arms reduction treaty (2010 Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, New START). Note, however, that New START does not limit total non-strategic nuclear warhead inventories.<\/p>\n

\u2018There are clear indications that the reductions that have characterized global nuclear arsenals since the end of the cold war have ended,\u2019 said Hans M. Kristensen, Associate Senior Fellow with SIPRI\u2019s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme and Director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists (FAS).<\/p>\n

\u2018All of the nuclear-armed states are increasing or upgrading their arsenals and most are sharpening nuclear rhetoric and the role nuclear weapons play in their military strategies,\u2019 said Wilfred Wan, Director of SIPRI\u2019s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme. \u2018This is a very worrying trend.\u2019<\/p>\n

Russia\u00a0and the\u00a0USA\u00a0together possess over 90 per cent of all nuclear weapons. The other seven nuclear-armed states are either developing or deploying new weapon systems, or have announced their intention to do so.\u00a0China\u00a0is in the middle of a substantial expansion of its nuclear weapon arsenal, which satellite images indicate includes the construction of over 300\u00a0new missile silos. Several additional nuclear warheads are thought to have been assigned to operational forces in 2021 following the delivery of new mobile launchers and a submarine.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0UK\u00a0in 2021 announced its decision to increase the ceiling on its total warhead stockpile, in a reversal of decades of gradual disarmament policies. While criticizing\u00a0China\u00a0and\u00a0Russia\u00a0for lack of nuclear transparency, the UK also announced that it would no longer publicly disclose figures for the country\u2019s operational nuclear weapon stockpile, deployed warheads or deployed missiles.<\/p>\n


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\n(Click on table to enlarge)<\/center><\/p>\n

(Continued in right column)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Question related to this article:<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n 
\nCan we abolish all nuclear weapons?<\/a> <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(Continued from left column)<\/p>\n

In early 2021\u00a0France\u00a0officially launched a programme to develop a third-generation nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN).\u00a0India\u00a0and\u00a0Pakistan\u00a0appear to be expanding their nuclear arsenals, and both countries introduced and continued to develop new types of nuclear delivery system in 2021.\u00a0Israel\u2014which does not publicly acknowledge possessing nuclear weapons\u2014is also believed to be modernizing its nuclear arsenal.<\/p>\n

North Korea\u00a0continues to prioritize its military nuclear programme as a central element of its national security strategy. While North Korea conducted no nuclear test explosions or long-range ballistic missile tests during 2021, SIPRI estimates that the country has now assembled up to 20\u00a0warheads, and possesses enough fissile material for a total of 45\u201355 warheads.<\/p>\n

\u2018If the nuclear-armed states take no immediate and concrete action on disarmament, then the global inventory of nuclear warheads could soon begin to increase for the first time since the cold war,\u2019 said Matt Korda, Associate Researcher with SIPRI\u2019s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme and Senior Research Associate with the FAS Nuclear Information Project.<\/p>\n

Mixed signals from nuclear diplomacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

There were several landmarks in nuclear diplomacy during the past year. These included the entry into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in January 2021, having received the required 50 state ratifications; the extension for five years of New START, the last remaining bilateral arms control agreement between the world\u2019s two leading nuclear powers; and the start of talks on the USA rejoining, and Iran returning to compliance with, the Iran nuclear deal, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).<\/p>\n

During 2021, the nuclear-armed permanent members (P5) of the United Nations Security Council\u2014China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA\u2014worked on a joint statement that they issued on 3 January 2022, affirming that\u00a0\u2018nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought\u2019. They also reaffirmed their commitment to complying with non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control agreements and pledges as well as their obligations under the 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and pursuing the goal of a world without nuclear weapons.<\/p>\n

Despite this, all P5 members continue to expand or modernize their nuclear arsenals and appear to be increasing the salience of nuclear weapons in their military strategies. Russia has even made open threats about possible nuclear weapon use in the context of the war in Ukraine. Bilateral Russia\u2013USA strategic stability talks have stalled because of the war, and none of the other nuclear-armed states are pursuing arms control negotiations. Moreover, the P5 members have voiced opposition to the TPNW, and the JCPOA negotiations have not yet reached a resolution.<\/p>\n

\u2018Although there were some significant gains in both nuclear arms control and nuclear disarmament in the past year, the risk of nuclear weapons being used seems higher now than at any time since the height of the cold war,\u2019 said SIPRI Director Dan Smith.<\/p>\n

A mixed outlook for global security and stability<\/strong><\/p>\n

The 53rd edition of the SIPRI Yearbook reveals both negative and some hopeful developments in 2021.<\/p>\n

\u2018Relations between the world\u2019s great powers have deteriorated further at a time when humanity and the planet face an array of profound and pressing common challenges that can only be addressed by international cooperation,\u2019\u00a0said Stefan L\u00f6fven, Chair of the SIPRI Governing Board.<\/p>\n

In addition to its detailed coverage of nuclear arms control and non-proliferation issues, the latest edition of the SIPRI Yearbook includes insight on developments in conventional arms control in 2021; regional overviews of armed conflicts and conflict management; in-depth data and discussion on military expenditure, international arms transfers and arms production; and comprehensive coverage of efforts to counter chemical and biological security threats.<\/p>\n

For editors<\/strong><\/p>\n

The SIPRI Yearbook is a compendium of cutting-edge information and analysis on developments in armaments, disarmament and international security.\u00a0Three\u00a0major\u00a0SIPRI Yearbook 2022\u00a0data sets were pre-launched in 2021\u201322: total arms sales by the\u00a0top 100 arms-producing companies\u00a0(December 2021),\u00a0international arms transfers\u00a0(March 2022) and\u00a0world military expenditure\u00a0(April 2022). The SIPRI Yearbook is published by Oxford University Press. Learn more at\u00a0www.sipriyearbook.org.<\/p>\n

Media contacts<\/strong><\/p>\n

For information and interview requests contact,\u00a0Alexandra Manolache, SIPRI Media and Communications Officer (alexandra.manolache@sipri.org, +46 766 286 133), or\u00a0Stephanie Blenckner,\u00a0SIPRI Communications Director (blenckner@sipri.org, +46 8 655 97 47).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DISARMAMENT & SECURITY . An article from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 13 June 2022. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) today launches the findings of\u00a0SIPRI Yearbook 2022, which assesses the current state of armaments, disarmament and international security. A key finding is that despite a marginal decrease in the number of nuclear … Continue reading SIPRI: Global nuclear arsenals are expected to grow as states continue to modernize<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,76],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-27501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-disarmament","category-global","tag-global"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27501"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27501\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/english.cpnn-world.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}